Biblical prophecy is much more comprehensive and wide ranging than the modern concept of its interpretation.
When we look at Revelation 17 we need to remember that chapters 12-19 deals with the GREAT CONTROVERSY from its inception in heaven until the desolation of the earth at the second coming.
Chapter 12 gives us the whole outline and the MAJOR instigator of the whole war.
The chapter takes us behind the scenes to something more powerful, deadly and more far reaching than even Rome in this war over the souls of humanity. Though Rome is a player -- Rome is NOT the dragon.
Revelation 12:18 (a text often moved to Rev. 13:1) states "and he stood on the sands of the sea"
The "he" in that verse actually refers to the dragon, not to John.
This text is highly significant!
It paints a graphic picture.
The dragon has taken his position claiming the same territory as Christ.
Rev. 10:2 "and he (the Divine Messenger) set his right foot upon the sea, and his left foot on the earth"
"The mighty angel (or messenger) who instructed John in chapter 10 was no less a personage than Jesus Christ. Setting His right foot on the sea, and His left upon the dry land, shows the part which He is acting in the closing scenes of the great controversy with Satan. This position denotes His supreme power and authority over the whole earth." (7BC 971.)
And now in Rev. 12 we see the dragon attempting to take the same stand in direct challenge to Christ's power and authority over the whole earth.
Contrary to some historicist interpretations, the dragon is not, and cannot be a symbol of the literal Roman Empire prior to Christianity. But, some will say, the dragon worked through Rome. Yes, the dragon USED the Roman Empire (as well as many other earthly powers) and worked through them, but that does NOT mean the symbol of the dragon represents the literal Roman Empire prior to Christianity as some interpretations maintain.
Why not? Because this chapter isn't even speaking of the ancient Roman Empire.
Look at the chapter itself for evidence:
1. Who drew a third part of the stars out of heaven? (Vs 4)
It was Lucifer when a third of the angels fell due to his deceptions
2. Who fought with his angels against Christ and His angels? (vs 7)
Again this is speaking of the war in heaven between Lucifer and His angels and Christ and the loyal angels.
3. Who was cast out of heaven with his angels? (vs 9)
Again we have Lucifer and his angels cast out.
4. Who drove the church into the wilderness for 1260 years? (vs 6 & 14)
The Papal church – inspired by the same one who fought against God's authority in heaven.
5. Who was defeated at the cross? (vs 10)
Again – it's Lucifer, the devil and all he stands for, who was defeated. Whereas all mankind whether Jew or Roman was offered the opportunity for salvation if they chose to believe and follow Jesus the Savior!
6. Who are we to overcome by the blood of the Lamb? (vs.11)
The dragon – the originator of ALL evil no matter what earthly power he uses to ensnare us. And we will see that he has MANY deceptions, and powers at work.
7. Who was accusing us before God day and night and claiming we were his and God had no right to save us?(vs 10)
Again it was Satan.
8. And who was the primary instigator in all the attempts on Christ's life as well as the final crucifixion of Christ? (vs. 4) Herod, king of Judea? The Jewish leaders? His own hometown people? The Romans? Or was it Satan using every means available?
This chapter is NOT about Rome – this twelfth chapter in Revelation is all about the Great Controversy between Christ and Satan.
The Bible itself tells us plainly what the symbol "dragon" means.
Rev. 12:9 "And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him."
Rev. 20:2 And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years,
Notice as well where this dragon originated?
Not from the sea (the heavily populated places of earth)
Not from the earth (the more sparsely populated places of earth)
But in heaven. "There appeared a great wonder in heaven" – but he was cast down...
Why don't we simply accept the definition of scripture instead of trying to change the identity of the symbol? The chapter is showing THE BIG PICTURE of the Great Controversy and we really have no business trying to squeeze it into a narrow box in earth's history.
Once we accept the Biblical definition for the dragon
we stop trying to turn the dragon into Rome, instead we believe it to be what the Bible says it is.
Then the heads are easier to recognize as the means through which the dragon worked on earth.
The empires that lead up to his great masterpiece in the end times.
This is not speaking of seven forms of Roman government:
Why? Because the dragon is NOT Rome --
Rome is the major force through which the dragon works, true enough, BUT THE DRAGON IS NOT ROME.